The need:
This program is basically solution of a problem I found on internet. Problem statement is:
There is a purse filled with some coins of gold, silver ans copper. A person draws coins one by one and notes down the type of coin each time. He writes g for gold, s for silver and c for copper coin. Thus a character string is formed. You have to write a function countCoins() which takes that string as parameter and returns count each type of coin. As we know that a function can return only single value, we have 2 options left to return all three counts with one function:
1. store 3 answers in some contiguous location and return a pointer to that location.
2. If possible, club all three variables to make a single variable and return that single variable. Yes it is possible, we can make a structure variable containing all three counts and return that structure variable.
There is a purse filled with some coins of gold, silver ans copper. A person draws coins one by one and notes down the type of coin each time. He writes g for gold, s for silver and c for copper coin. Thus a character string is formed. You have to write a function countCoins() which takes that string as parameter and returns count each type of coin. As we know that a function can return only single value, we have 2 options left to return all three counts with one function:
1. store 3 answers in some contiguous location and return a pointer to that location.
2. If possible, club all three variables to make a single variable and return that single variable. Yes it is possible, we can make a structure variable containing all three counts and return that structure variable.
The code:
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#include<stdio.h> typedef struct { int silver; int copper; int gold; }CoinPurse; CoinPurse countCoin(char *); int main() { int i; CoinPurse a,*b; char *coins="gscgcc"; a=countCoin(coins); printf("Coppper coins are %d\n",a.copper); printf("Gold coins are %d\n",a.gold); printf("Silver coins are %d\n",a.silver); return 0; } CoinPurse countCoin(char *coins) { CoinPurse x; x.copper=0; x.gold=0; x.silver=0; while(*coins) { switch(*coins) { case 'c': x.copper++; break; case 'g': x.gold++; break; case 's': x.silver++; break; default: break; } coins++; } return x; }
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Approach:The approach is very simple. The structure CoinPurse contains counter for each type of coin. the function countCoin() takes a character string , examines each character and based on that increments the correct counter. after the string is finished, the structure containing the counts is returned by the function countCoin(). In this program i have given the character string *coins as "gscgcc" soit is clear that there are 2 gold, 1 silver and 3 copper coins which can be verified by the program output.
returning structures from function is not considered good programming practice: for large structure bitwise copy is required and requires unpredictable time.
ReplyDeleteMore elegant way:
1. return pointer to structure.
2. pass a pointer to structure to function.
This program is just for demonstration that structures can also be returned. Otherwise in 'the need' itself I have said "store answers in some contiguous location(may be structure) and return a pointer to that location."
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